基于非线性修正策略的空气质量预警系统研究

建立科学、有效的空气质量预警系统,对于保护人们的身体健康和促进社会和谐稳定具有重要的科学价值和实际意义.为此,本文首先利用孤立森林(isolationforest,iForest)算法进行空气质量指数(air quality index,AQI)离群点分析,然后建立了一种空气质量预警系统,该系统由数据预处理模块、优化模块、预测模块和修正模块构成,融合了时变滤波经验模态分解(time varying filtering based empirical mode decomposition,TVF-EMD)、改进的蝴蝶优化算法(modified butterfly optimization algorithm,MBOA)、离群鲁棒极限学习机(outlier robust extreme learning machine,ORELM)和非线性修正策略,该预警系统成功地实现了空气质量的有效预警.同时,以污染程度不同的5个城市作为实验地点对预警效果进行检验,结果表明:1)与经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)相比,TVF-EMD可以更为有效地降低原始数据的非线性和非平稳性特征;2)基于MBOA的误差非线性修正策略比其他误差修正策略更胜一筹,可以显著提高预警系统的性能;3)建立的预警系统的性能要优于其他对比模型,可以对污染程度不同的城市进行有效预警.     

Co-occurrence of three Aristolochia-feeding Papilionids (Archon apollinus,Zerynthia polyxena and Zerynthia cerisy) in Greek Thrace

Comparative studies of co-occurring species using overlapping resources may help in understanding the mechanisms supporting biotic diversity in species-rich regions, such as the Mediterranean region of Europe. Three Papilionidae butterflies, Archon apollinus, Zerynthia cerisy and Zerynthia polyxena, develop on Aristolochia plants and co-occur in Greek Thrace. We used mark–recapture to describe adult demography and dispersal, and searched for eggs and larvae to assess host plants and microhabitat preferences. Adult flight timing followed a sequence from earliest A. apollinus, through Z. polyxena to late Z. cerisy; this was more prominent in 2010 (warm early spring) than in 2011 (cold delayed spring). Population densities were highest for A. apollinus and lowest for Z. cerisy, whereas dispersal ability followed a reverse pattern. Adults of all three species crossed distances > 3 km and used all habitat types present. Four Aristolochia host plants were used at the study locality: small Aristolochia pallida, intermediate Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia hirta, and bulky, late-sprouting Aristolochia clematitis. Both A. apollinus and Z. polyxena used all four Aristolochia species, the former preferring Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia hirta, the latter Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia pallida. Zerynthia cerisy did not use the early-growing Aristolochia pallida while frequently using the late-growing Aristolochia clematitis. Further parameters affecting oviposition were biotope and canopy closure: early A. apollinus tolerated shady sites but late Z. cerisy avoided them. The simultaneous use of several host plants differing in phenology and habitat requirements, combined with rather high dispersal ability, arguably buffers the butterflies’ population dynamics against yearly variation in weather, while allowing efficient occupation of the diverse Mediterranean landscapes. The regional habitat diversity, created during millennia of human activity, is currently threatened by land abandonment, which may diminish the resource base for the studied butterflies.     

车辆油气悬挂的阻尼阀设计

根据油气弹簧的结构特点,基于1/4车辆悬挂线性模型,给出了求取悬挂最优线性阻尼的方法,并应用等效线性化方法,确定阻尼阀的结构参数.给出了一种带安全阀的阻尼阀结构方案,利用该方案设计出的阻尼阀体积小、开阀流量大并能承受较大的背压.设计的减振阀已完成台架试验,试验报告通过定型评审.提供的设计方法和结构方案可以作为油气悬挂,特别是重型车辆油气悬挂阻尼阀设计的参考.     

基于观测器的多机系统气门开度的模糊H_∞控制新方法

研究了汽轮发电机组成的多机电力系统气门开度的模糊观测H∞控制器设计问题.首先对多机电力系统建立T-S模糊模型,由于实际电力系统的状态有时不能作为模糊规则的前件变量,基于观测状态给出了多机电力系统具有H∞性能指标的条件,但它不是基于线性矩阵不等式(LMIs)的,只能通过两步法求解.因此又提出仅需一步就能求解的基于LMIs的条件,克服了两步法求解带来的保守性.最后采用局部线性化方法对两机无穷大母线的气门开度控制系统建立T-S模糊模型,并验证了控制方法的有效性.     

低温调节阀阀座软密封特性研究(Ⅰ):常温密封性能

分别采用高分子聚合物PTFE、PCTFE和PEEK作为低温调节阀阀座软密封的密封材料,在常温(300 K)情况下,对比研究了采用不同密封材料的低温阀阀座的漏率与密封比压的关系. 在此基础上,测试了不同进口压力下阀座的密封漏率,以及密封性能对压力的稳定性. 试验分析结果表明,采用PCTFE密封材料的低温阀阀座不仅具有优异的密封性能,而且在不同的工作压力条件下,漏率与压力呈线性变化,具有较高的压力稳定性.      

汽车制动阀安装板坯料形状与尺寸的确定

非规则成形件的毛坯形状与尺寸的确定,一般都是通过成形模并采取试错的方法来完成的。然而,试错要考虑多种因素,又由于落料模必须要在由试错来确定最后的形状与尺寸后才能设计制造,如此就要影响板料零件的生产周期和成本。汽车制动阀安装板是一个比较典型的非规则成形件,在要求极短的周期内同时完成其落料模与成形模的设计制造,用初始网格法来确定汽车制动阀安装板的毛坯形状与尺寸,可在较短时间内完成模具生产工作。     

水下液压冲击器活塞的设计分析

活塞的运动是水下液压冲击器功能实现的关键,利用“龙格-库塔方法”对活塞杆的动力学方程进行进行理论分析分析,从而建立起时间与行程的关系拟合曲线,再结合配油阀阀芯的运动进行仿真分析,对设计合理性进行了进一步的验证.也为此方面知识的研究提供了分析方法.     

钉扎层磁矩倾斜角度对微波频率的影响

对于钉扎层磁矩倾斜的磁性纳米振荡器,利用宏自旋模拟程序研究了钉扎层倾斜角度对自由层磁矩的动力学行为的影响.研究结果显示,激发微波的频率随电流密度以及倾斜角度的增加而增加,随着阻尼系数和饱和磁化强度的降低而增加.     

一种非平稳随机循环工况下的参数化载荷模型

为解决土方工程机械非平稳随机循环工况下,其零部件设计与试验中载荷表达的难题,提出一种参数化载荷模型.以液压挖掘机多路阀回转联为研究对象,将其阀口压力载荷数据通过小波变换分解为载荷随机项和载荷趋势项;其中具有平稳随机特征的载荷随机项利用功率谱估计等处理实现其"随机项函数"表达,具有非平稳特征的载荷趋势项利用随机变量表征工况的函数拟合实现其"趋势项函数"表达;再将两者组合重构为"循环工况载荷函数".仿真与试验数据对比证明,该函数较好地复现了非平稳随机循环工况下多路阀载荷的随机特征.研究表明构建载荷模型的方法,对于实现面向循环工况特征的非平稳随机载荷的参数化表达,具有工程化应用的重要参考价值.     

Conchoecia mesadenia,a new species of abyssopelagic halocyprid ostracod related to C. dasyophthalma Müller, 1906

A new species of bathypelagic planktonic ostracod is described and a comparative study made between it and the closely-related species Conchoecia dasyophthalma Müller, 1906. The new species occurs deeper in the water column than C. dasyophthalma, it is smaller and can easily be recognized by its size and the unusual position of the right asymmetrical gland.